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Ethical Considerations in the Use of Support Animals

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1.  Research shows that owners of pet dogs
  1. Are bitten more often than non-owners
  2. Have increased asthma attacks
  3. Have reduced blood pressure in the presence of their dog
  4. Often refuse to clean up after their dog
2.  A Meta-Analysis of Animal Assisted Therapy showed that there was positive effect for people with:
  1. Cancer
  2. Autism
  3. Diabetes
  4. ALS – muscle disease
3.  Summary of research of animal assisted therapy indicated:
  1. Decreased blood glucose levels
  2. Increased sex drive
  3. Less distress at the end of life
  4. Improved empathy, social connections and self esteem
4.  Service Dogs
  1. Are trained to do specific work to mitigate disability.
  2. Have long enlistments in the armed forces.
  3. Can be certified with a letter from a therapist.
  4. Can include domestic and wild canines.
5.  People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals and other animal rights groups:
  1. Endorse service dogs but not emotional support dogs
  2. Endorse owning pets, but not service dogs
  3. Feel that dogs should have their own emotional support animals
  4. Object to service dogs, maintain that the work can be done by devices
6.  Emotional support dogs, must be allowed:
  1. In housing
  2. In all transportation systems (trains, bus)
  3. In classrooms
  4. In restaurants
7.  Emotional support animals, dogs and other species:
  1. Must be allowed on all airlines
  2. May be allowed at the discretion of the air carrier
  3. Must have a letter from a board certified psychiatrist
  4. Must have a letter from an animal behavior expert
8.  APA principle of Competence requires
  1. Psychologist must own a dog themselves
  2. Psychologist writing a support letter must show relevant value to patient
  3. Psychologist must understand dog behavior principles
  4. Psychologists must clean up after their dog
9.  Psychological evaluation of an Individual for an emotional support animal for a disability:
  1. Must document the diagnosis and level of impairment of the patient.
  2. May include medication recommendation for both owner and dog.
  3. Psychologist must understand dog behavior principles.
  4. Individuals must clean up after their dog.
10.  APA principle of Health and Safety of animal in research suggest that:
  1. Psychologist or other professional must document how the animal will be housed, fed and have veterinary care.
  2. Animals can be turned over to a shelter when no longer needed by patient.
  3. Psychologist must understand dog behavior principles.
  4. Animals may be euthanized at the end of a course of therapy.

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