What is minority stress, and how does it affect transgender and gender-diverse youth?
Answer
Minority stress is a concept that explains the higher rates of mental and physical health issues seen in LGBTQ+ individuals, particularly transgender people. This theory, developed by Meyer, identifies two main types of stressors: distal and proximal. Distal stressors are external pressures like discrimination, family or peer rejection, and non-affirmation (e.g., misgendering). These stressors have direct links to severe mental health outcomes, including heightened rates of suicide among transgender youth. Proximal stressors are internal, such as internalized transphobia and negative expectations about the future, which lead to low self-esteem and a reluctance to disclose one's gender identity. These stressors collectively contribute to the high mental health disparities seen in transgender and gender-diverse youth.
Giselle Levin, PsyD (they/she/he), is a licensed psychologist in the state of California specializing in transgender healthcare and sex therapy. Giselle completed their doctorate at Pace University in New York, NY, and trained as a postdoctoral resident in LGBT mental health at the San Francisco VA Medical Center. They currently work as a gender specialist at the University of California San Francisco –Child and Adolescent Gender Center. Giselle is a member of UCSF’s Mind the Gap consortium of gender-affirming providers for youth and is in the process of completing their AASECT sex therapy and WPATH transgender healthcare certifications.
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