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A Primer on Non-Medical Prescription Opioid Misuse: Prevalence, Trends, and Clinical Implications

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1.  Which of the following opioids is NOT prescribed?
  1. Hydrocodone
  2. Oxymorphone
  3. Heroin
  4. Fentanyl
2.  Which of the following is available as a nasal spray and can be a life-saving drug?
  1. Fentanyl
  2. Narcan
  3. Heroin
  4. Codeine
3.  Nonopioid therapy is:
  1. A way of treating pain without the use of opioids
  2. Never endorsed by physicians
  3. Very dangerous
  4. As lethal as the use of heroin
4.  Non-pharmacologic therapy includes all of the following EXCEPT:
  1. Weight loss programs
  2. Cognitive-behavior therapy
  3. Using medication sparingly
  4. Mind-body practices
5.  What is the street name for Xylazine?
  1. Tranq
  2. Benzos
  3. Coke
  4. Bow
6.  Methadone can be beneficial in:
  1. Increasing symptoms of opioid withdrawal
  2. Increasing the euphoric effect of drugs
  3. Altering how the brain and nervous system respond to pain
  4. Mind-body practices
7.  Naltrexone is __________________.
  1. used to treat overeating
  2. used to increase the effect of opioids
  3. used to increase dependence of opioids by the user
  4. an opioid antagonist
8.  An estimated ____ million people live with chronic pain.
  1. 10
  2. 15
  3. 31
  4. 51
9.  Drug misuse includes:
  1. Taking prescription medication as prescribed; taking medication to get “high”
  2. Using medication in a way other than prescribed; taking medication to get “high”
  3. Taking prescription medication as prescribed; using someone else’s prescription
  4. Appropriately taking medication as advised
10.  What percent of drug overdose deaths in the United States are due to opioids?
  1. 40%
  2. 55%
  3. 70%
  4. 75%
11.  Which of the following is a risk factor for opioid misuse?
  1. No history of substance use
  2. Robust social network
  3. Chronic pain
  4. Mental stability
12.  According to Dr. Gomes and colleagues, opioid toxicity is responsible for _____% of all deaths among those aged 30 to 39 years.
  1. 10
  2. 15
  3. 17
  4. 21
13.  When thinking about opioid toxicity, a particular focus should be devoted to which subgroup?
  1. women
  2. adolescents
  3. older adults
  4. grade school children
14.  The pandemic may have contributed to increased rates of substance use due to ______.
  1. social connectedness
  2. decreased stress from staying home
  3. increased access to various forms of treatment
  4. structural barriers to care
15.  According to Marsack-Topolewski and Chan (2024), adolescents with disabilities who engaged in non-medical prescription opioid misuse had over ____ times the likelihood for serious thoughts of suicide.
  1. 2
  2. 3
  3. 5
  4. 10

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