Question
How do respiratory therapists manage respiratory complications in patients with Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA)?
Answer
Respiratory therapists (RTs) play a vital role in the care of patients with Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) by managing respiratory complications and providing necessary therapies to improve pulmonary function. Initial assessments are critical, as RTs evaluate the patient's current respiratory status and consult with caregivers to understand the baseline condition when the patient is well. From there, they implement therapies such as bronchodilators, hypertonic saline, and cough assist devices to open airways, thin mucus, and improve secretion clearance. Chest physiotherapy (CPT), vest therapy, and postural drainage may also be utilized, with therapy schedules sometimes as frequent as every two hours to prevent airway obstruction and reduce the need for intubation.
RTs are also responsible for managing non-invasive ventilation (NIV), such as BiPAP, which is crucial for SMA patients who struggle with weakened intercostal muscles and shallow breathing. These devices help maintain lung expansion, particularly during sleep or illness. Open communication with caregivers ensures that at-home care routines are properly tailored to the patient’s needs, helping to prevent infections and respiratory failure.
This Ask the Expert is an edited excerpt from the course, SMA in Pediatrics (Spinal Muscular Atrophy), presented by Nadia Boussalham, BS, RRT.
