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The Use of Noninvasive Ventilation at the End of Life

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1.  The acronym DNAR stands for:
  1. Do Not Attempt Resuscitation
  2. Do Not Intubate
  3. Do Not Reiterate
  4. Do Not Remove
2.  Which of the following may be utilized as an argument FOR the use of non-invasive therapy at the end of life?
  1. Improve comfort
  2. NIV provides additional time for the patient to finalize his/her affairs
  3. Patient can communicate with loved ones and caregivers
  4. All of the above
3.  Which of the following may be utilized as an argument AGAINST the use of non-invasive therapy at the end of life?
  1. NIV will only prolong the dying process
  2. Still a form of life support
  3. NIV is contraindicated in some conditions
  4. All of the above
4.  Under the risk-benefit ratio, which of the following question may arise for ethical consideration:
  1. Risk of death versus questionable benefit of NIV
  2. Physicians know best for the patient regardless of the patient's wishes
  3. Violation of patient autonomy
  4. Patients has full code orders
5.  The research by Sinuff et al. studied physician and respiratory therapists' attitudes on using non-invasive (NIV) at the end of life, what percentage of RT's indicated for the inclusion of NIV?
  1. 50%
  2. 75%
  3. 87%
  4. 0%

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