Exam Preview for 1950: ADHD in Young Children: Development and Diag

ADHD in Young Children: Development and Diagnosis

Please note: exam questions are subject to change.

1. ADHD was first identified: In the mid to late 19th century in the medical literature by Dr. George Still In the late 20th century by Dr. C. Keith Conners By teachers in public schools’ post World War II In an early episode of the Simpsons when Bart was introduced
2. ADHD is possibly caused by: Excessive sugar in the diet Smoking by the parents Smaller less active brain regions including Pre Frontal cortex. Excessive screen time
3. ADHD Diagnostic criteria have changed since 1950. That change includes: Early emphasis on inattention and learning disability Early emphasis on hyperactivity, and later emphasis on hyperactivity & inattention Increased emphasis on harsh parenting as a cause Lead poisoning as a factor to be considered
4. Genetics of ADHD indicate: Shared environment including food are a major cause Identical twins have an unusually low rate of concordance (both with ADHD) About 25% to 35% of siblings have ADHD It is caused by a mutation on the DAD 24 gene.
5. Of other possible etiologies of ADHD, the research suggests: Food additives, including red dye are a clear cause. Thyroid abnormalities need to evaluate routinely. Increased emphasis on harsh parenting as a cause. Language delay should be always considered when evaluating.
6. Brain development in ADHD: There are no differences seen in brains of children with or without ADHD No differences are seen in brain development, there are changes in metabolic function Is best described as about a 2 year delay in prefrontal lobe development of cortical thickness Is only different on scans if there is lead poisoning
7. ADHD can negatively impact: All the items below Peer interactions Academic performance Participation in sports and other activities
8. Both AAP (Pediatrics) and AACAP (Child Psychiatry) emphasize as necessary for making the diagnosis of ADHD: A full set of blood tests including thyroid screens. EEG and CT scan of the brain. Full Psychoeducational test battery. Detailed history, documentation of ADHD behaviors through checklists, data from home and school.
9. Behavioral checklists can be used to gather data on ADHD at home and school, the most widely available valid checklist in the public domain (free) is: Vanderbilt ADHD Checklist Pediatric symptoms checklist Conners checklist Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist & Teacher Report Form
10. Full psychoeducational testing for children with ADHD is recommended: For all children with ADHD For children who are experiencing academic difficulties For children who have oppositional behavior For children who have sleep problems
11. Environmental problems that can result in ADHD symptoms. Poor diet Disrupted sleep Smoking Excessive screen time
12. Temperament variables that overlap with ADHD symptoms include: Activity level Approach - Withdrawal Adaptability to new environments Responsiveness – easily stimulated or requires a lot of stimulation
13. For preschool age children (6 and younger) First line treatment for ADHD, (AAP standards): Parent Management training Well monitored trial of stimulant medicine Well monitored change in diet to reduce sugar and dies Both Parent Management training and stimulant medicine
14. For elementary and middle school age children (6 and older) First line treatment for ADHD, (AAP standards): Parent Management training Well monitored trial of stimulant medicine Well monitored change in diet to reduce sugar and dies Both Parent Management training and stimulant medicine
15. Stimulant treatment for young children who have ADHD _________. Shows very good benefit and outcome. Can yield benefits but side effects are more intense for young children. Should never be used. Can cause early onset psychosis.